Friday, May 8, 2020
Using Food and Agriculture in Your Essay
Using Food and Agriculture in Your EssayYou may have read my other articles regarding the subjects of food and agriculture and how you can use them to write an essay. You may also have seen that I also talk about topics regarding food and farming in my popular food blog. In this article, I will talk about another topic which you can use for your essay.The main topic to look at in this article is the topic of the Internet. There are two important points that you need to include in your essay. One of these is the different things you will encounter when you search for information on the Internet. Your essay should include what you will find on the Internet in addition to what you will not find. This is especially true when you want to present an interesting topic on the Internet.The other point is to explain in your essay why it is of importance to know who owns the actual website. Just mentioning the name of the owner of the website may not be enough to inform the reader. The real inf ormation that you want to include in your essay is how you found out about the website. If you were to post your full name and then ask others who know you and/or the website to check it out, they would most likely never visit the website again if the information was incorrect. However, if you post the website's actual URL, others would be able to visit it easily and verify its existence.When writing an essay, it is a good idea to include as much relevant information as possible. However, it would be better if the information that you included were true. In addition, it would be good if you posted both the URL and the name of the owner of the website.You may consider using the Internet as a good topic for your essay. However, before you use the Internet as a topic, make sure that you do not use the URL of the website because you would then not be able to check whether or not the website is accurate. This is true because you will not be able to see its URL if you post it on your site .Consider using the Internet as a good topic if you are an expert in the field of food or agriculture. As you have to write an essay for a higher grade, it would help if you think of using the Internet as a topic. Since you already know how to write an essay, using the Internet as a topic would not require much more than your attention.When it comes to using the Internet as a topic, make sure that you include only as much as needed to present your ideas. With this article, I talked about the topic of the Internet. You may also consider using the Internet as a topic if you have knowledge on food or agriculture. In fact, some students try to use the Internet as a topic just to save time since there are fewer requirements for writing an essay.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Tiger Energy Drink Marketin Plan Free Essays
MARKETING PLAN TIGER ENERGY DRINK STAY FOCUSED 1. 0. Executive Summary Tiger Energy Drink offers their consumers ââ¬Å"a unique product endowed with different usage alternativesâ⬠providing a beverage focused on positive effects of an energy drink and guarana with an amazing sweet taste. We will write a custom essay sample on Tiger Energy Drink Marketin Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tiger Energy Drink is an alternative to tea and coffee and can be consumed cold or hot depending on the preference. It has a very sweet taste -not too much intense- and can be consumed as a regular beverage. Tiger is positioned itself as an alternative to coffee since it offers a great variety of caffeine (guarana) and other energy drink since it offers different flavors. Guarana, the main ingredient of the Tiger energy drink, has a cognitive effect. A 2007 human pilot studyà assessed acute behavioral effects to four doses (37. 5à mg, 75à mg, 150à mg and 300à mg) of guarana extract. Memory, alertness and mood were increased by the two lower doses, confirming previous results of cognitive improvement following 75à mg guarana. Some research also shows that Guarana has antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and also fat cell reduction. The target audience is working class and is primarily males and females between 25 ââ¬â 40 ages. The majority consumer group of Tiger Energy Drink includes white-collar workers who spend long hours in office, working parents and young adults. 2. 0. Situation Analysis Tiger, founded 6 months ago by 2 entrepreneurs, is about to enter the competitive energy drinks market in Turkey. Although Energy Drinks market is considerably small, its annual growth rate is around 30% and the market is the most profitable segment of the non-alcoholic beverages market. The existence of big players and many cheaper outlier products will make it difficult for Tiger to establish a strong brand and market share in the short term. In order to do that, Tiger will differenciate in product flavors, hot or cold use opportunities and varied serving sizes. Of course, careful targeting of specific segments and supporting marketing activities will be the key to success. 2. 1. Market Summary Energy Drink market in Turkey consists of 0,35% of the whole non-alcoholic beverage market in terms of the market volume. The total volume of non-alcoholic beverages in Turkey is 7,2 billion liters, whereas Energy Drinkââ¬â¢s volume is 25,5 million liters. On the other hand, when the market value is taken into consideration, Energy Drink market gets 3,5% of the whole non-alcoholic beverages market. The value of the whole non-alcoholic drinks market is 8,5 billion TL, and Energy Drinksââ¬â¢ share is 298 million TL. While the average value per liter in non-alcoholic beverages market is 1,18 TL, The same ratio becomes 11,66 TL in case of Energy Drinks. Therefore, it can clearly be seen that this segment is quite lucrative and profitable. The sub-markets, from the biggest to smallest, are water, tea, carbonated drinks, non-carbonated drinks (e. g. ice tea) and coffee markets. Although, its size is small, Energy Drink market has a steady 30% annual growth rate. Energy Drink consumers are usually in the 25-40 age range, upper income level white collar people. However, cheaper products were able to penetrate low and mid income level segments too. These include truck drivers and blue collar workers. Energy Drinks are consumed in many different occasions. The need of concentration and productivity defines their daytime use whereas the need of fun and high energy defines their nighttime use. The table below shows how Tiger addresses the basic needs of its targeted segments. Targeted Segment| Customer Need| Corresponding Feature/Benefit/Product| All Segments| Wake-up in the morning| Tea flavored, hot or cold consumption optioned Tiger (B vitamins and thein)| Students Professionals| Concentration and Productivity in daytime and work activities| Orange, Melon or Tropical Mix Tiger drinks (Guarana)| | Fun and High Energy in nighttime activities| Orange, Melon or Tropical Mix Tiger drinks (Guarana, Ginseng, Taurin)| 2. 2. SWOT Analysis Tiger has several strengths which do not exist in Turkish market. However, lack of brand awareness and image is the most important weakness. The fact that the competition is well established could be identified as the strongest threat. Finally, the fast growing and profitable structure of the energy drink market would be the biggest opportunity. 2. 2. 1. Strengths Tiger has a number of important strengths 1. Innovative Product: The product has 3 different and well liked flavors which can be consumed without mixing with any other beverage. Alternatively, those flavors of Melon, Orange and Tropical Mix are suited to mix with many different alcoholic beverages. Finally the tea flavored, hot or cold consumption optioned, 4th variation is the revolutionary energy drink product. With its unmatched and tailor-made for Turkish taste tea flavor; this energy drink can be consumed even in breakfast. Its ability to be consumed as a hot drink is also revolutionary. 2. Pricing: Tiger offers excellent quality with better pricing than its 2 major competitors, Red Bull and Burn 3. Product Ingredients: Tigerââ¬â¢s excellent combination of Guarana and Ginseng causes great focus, improved memory and higher productivity. Furthermore, the Thein in tea-flavored variation invokes additional alertness, especially required in the morning. 4. Serving Sizes: Unlike its competitors, Tiger will have 350 ml cans for Orange, Melon Tropical Mix flavors and 75 ml cans for tea flavored variation as well as the conventional 250 ml cans. 2. 2. 2. Weaknesses 1. Lack of Brand Awareness: Tiger does not have an established brand awareness and image. On the other side, Red Bull, Burn and other competitors have strong brand images. This issue will be dealt with aggressive promotion activities. 2. 2. 3. Opportunities 1. Growing and Profitable Market: The Energy Drink market grows around 30% annually. Furthermore, that sub category of the non-alcoholic beverages market has the highest profitability. 2. Demographics: Turkeyââ¬â¢s population is younger compared with European and U. S markets. Therefore, target market size is lucratively big. 2. 2. 4. Threats 1. Competition: The competition in Turkey is well established. Red Bull and Burn share the upper segment of the market with almost 65% of the market value in total. With the addition of smaller and cheaper products, there are around 40 different brands in Turkey. In sum, Turkish Energy Drink market is highly competitive. 2. Energy Drinksââ¬â¢ image: Energy drinks are still seen as unhealthy and unnatural. In 2001, Red Bull was banned in Turkish market due to excessive caffeine content. Red Bullââ¬â¢s caffeine content is 400 mg per liter, whereas Turkish regulations did not permit higher than 150 mg at that time. However in 2004, Turkish Food Codex has been updated according to European Union standards and Red Bullââ¬â¢s ban had been revoked. Additionally, some fatalities occurred after excessive alcohol consumption and it was said that energy drinks were also involved and they would cause death when mixed with alcohol. These incidents along with the banning history of Red Bull strengthened the ââ¬Å"unnatural and unhealthyâ⬠image of the Energy Drinks. 2. 3. Competition 2. 4. Product Offering 2. 5. Distribution 3. 0. Marketing Strategy 1. The main marketing strategy is to emphasize Tigerââ¬â¢s distinctive taste, different usage opportunities and size can. The taste is not too intense but very enjoyable with three different flavor. The product has 3 different and well liked flavors which can be consumed without mixing with any other beverage. Alternatively, those flavors of Melon, Orange and Tropical Mix are suited to mix with many different alcoholic beverages. The tea flavored, hot or cold consumption optioned will be an innovative energy drink. The size also provides a longer lasting boost of energy and cognition and production capability which led to the brand ââ¬Å"Stay focusedâ⬠slogan. 3. 1. Marketing Objectives Since we are completely a new brand we have set realist but achievable objectives for the for the first and second years of market entry First year objectives: In 2012, the total volume of energy drink will be theoretically 33 million liter if we take the consideration of the growth rate and last year wasted volume. We are planning to get a 5 percent share of the Turkish energy drink market through unit sales volume of approximately 5. 000. 000. We have to achieve a steady increase in market penetration. The primary goal is to build and increase both awareness and brand loyalty for Voltro among upper-income professional age 25 ââ¬â 40. Second year objectives: In second year the main objective is to increase market share from 5 to 8 percent. We are planning to achieve break-even and start to get profit on our third year in business. 3. 2. Financial Objectives Energy drinks are most profitable beverage among all non-alcoholic beverages. The energy drink market is very small compared to other beverages market but it is growing 30 percent per year. Our financial objective is to maintain and increase this grow rate for our business. For the first year specially we would like to maintain a significant advertising budget to execute and utilize different media vehicles: magazine, internet, prime-time television, ambient and billboards. These media vehicles will allow Tiger to reach the desired reach and frequencies while keeping within the budget. . 3. Target Markets Tigerââ¬â¢s strategy is based on a positioning of different and exotic flavors, hot or cold use opportunities and varied serving sizes. Our main consumer target of Tiger is upper income level white collar people, working parents and young adults between 25 and 40 age who want healthy, natural, tasty and a high quality an energy drink with an affordable price. Tiger energy drink h as ability to strengthen memory, increase focus and overcome exhaustion and insufficient energy. Our secondary consumer target is low and mid income level which include truck drivers and blue collar workers who seek to stay alert during driving, working, etcâ⬠¦ These type of consumers are only looking to pay less for an energy drink since they consume for a purpose: ââ¬Å"stay focused and alertâ⬠. 3. 5. Positioning Kaplanââ¬â¢s strategy is to be an innovative energy drink by product differentiation based on size, taste and hot or cold usage. Using product differentiation, we are positioning Tiger Energy Drink as the most revolutionary, tasty and healthy energy drink. Tiger is the brand of energy drinks that gives you the need of concentration and productivity in day time and need of fun and high energy in night to allow you to do everything you want in a full day of work and play. The fruity and tropical fresh taste leaves you asking for more and the bigger size contain more healthy ingredients than their competitors. Our marketing will focus on the value-priced equilibrium, reflecting the positive side of a big size and product taste and usage alternatives. 3. 6. Strategies Product . 7. Marketing Program 3. 8. Marketing Research 4. 0 Financials 4. 1. Break-Even Analysis 4. 2. Sales Forecast 4. 3. Expense Forecast 5. 0. Controls 5. 1. Implementation 5. 2. Marketing Organization 5. 3. Contingency Planning ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â [ 1 ]. Market values are taken from Nielsen and Canadeanââ¬â¢s data. While Nielsen measures retail market data, Canadean m easures ââ¬Å"outside homeâ⬠consumer data. Non-alcoholic beverages market data excludes pure milk and home use demijohn water products. How to cite Tiger Energy Drink Marketin Plan, Papers
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
Santa Cruz case study free essay sample
Santa Cruz Bicycles was using a computer-aided-design (CAD) software but this system delayed the development of their new bikes in an average around 28 months (Pearlson, Saunders, 2013). They integrated a new information system PLM that helped them reducing the lag in their design in an average of 12 or 14 months; this integration allowed the company to increase productivity and reduce the time lost when a design was not fit for production. Santa Cruz Bicycles added an asset to their process, this asset was a machine that can produce in-house parts needed for their prototype, and another key factor was they hired a master frame building; providing and facilitating the process of building and testing prototypes decreasing their average time from design and shipping and eliminating the need for outsourcing (Pearlson, Saunders, 2013). In a quest to improve its system processes and reduce time and money for the company, Santa Cruz made some changes that would improve their internal systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Santa Cruz case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page THE CASE STUDY OF SANTA CRUZ The main factor in Santa Cruzââ¬Ës system improvement is afforded to the enterprise system known as Product Life Cycle Management system. According to the text book, the research and development team had been using computer-aided-design(CAD) software, but it took 7 months to develop a new design, and if the design failed, starting over was the only solution. (Pearlson, Saunders, 2013). It was not until the company reached this low that they decided to implement a new system that would help them improve in their processes. They removed the outsourcing aspect and implemented software that improved turnaround time from an average of about 28 months to 12 to 14 months. Outsourcing has become a part of the modern business strategy and design. Experts believes managers should decide what part of the companyââ¬â¢s business processes they are good at and outsource everything else, focus on the companyââ¬â¢s core competency, and let someone else do the rest. Santa Cruz Bicycles needed to identify its core competency and make changes to the companyââ¬â¢s business processes to achieve the companyââ¬â¢s goal of lowering the design process time frame. Hence, the company hired a master frame builder to build and test prototypes in-house to achieve its goal. Hiring the master frame builder, Santa Cruz Bicycles is taking a step in the right direction for building the companyââ¬â¢s core competency and a key factor in the companyââ¬â¢s successful process redesign. The design process for Santa Cruz Bicycles should be a unique process for the company if a new product is introduced to the market. Hence, the design process should be an in-house activity to produce an authentic and exclusive product. According to Mani, Barua, and Whinston ââ¬Å"each business process must be analyzed based on its underlying attributesâ⬠(2010, p. 40), before making decision about outsourcing. The company designed and patented the Virtual Pivot Point, a suspension system, which needs a bicycle frame the fits well with the system. The in-house master builder provided the company with an important attribute in accomplishing its goals in the companyââ¬â¢s redesign process and also contributes to the companyââ¬â¢s core competency. The master builder was a key factor because having one allowed Santa Cruz Bicycles to take control over the companyââ¬â¢s design and business process. The company would also have full control of problems related to quality and turnaround time. The in-house builder would reduce the sluggish response times coupled with slow issue resolution, hence, the long time the company took to bring the new product to the market. Outsourcing provides companies with a competitive advantage by delegating business process to external sources and to realize the benefits of low labor, better quality, and improved innovation. Santa Cruz Bicycles did not accomplish its goal of a short time in the design process by outsourcing part its design process. Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. The management team at Santa Cruz Bicycle wants to achieve the companyââ¬â¢s goal of going from design to prototype in a shorter time. To achieve the goal changes were necessary in the management thought process and outlook for a successful outcome. The current design process is inefficient and adaptation to change is crucial for the organization because the design process is at the heart of the companyââ¬â¢s success, and for the company to succeed management must retool the design process to achieve its goal. The management team made chances starting with the software use in the companyââ¬â¢s simulation process. Changing the software is an important part of the process, but the change is not the overriding factor in the Santa Cruz Bicycles success. The software was one component in the redesign process intended to retool the companyââ¬â¢s systems. The company upgraded to the to the product life cycle management software currently in use by large global manufactures. ââ¬Å"For companies operating in dynamic environments, changing at the right pace, defined as the time span between sequential changes, is essential to maintain effectivenessâ⬠(Klarner Raisch, 2013, p. 160). Therefore, the software was one way of maintain effectiveness in the companyââ¬â¢s design process. Adopting change management to the companyââ¬â¢s design process is a structured approach for ensuring that changes are thoroughly and smoothly implemented, and that the benefits of change are achieved in the companyââ¬â¢s design process. The management focus is on the effectiveness of change, on the design process and how changes help the design team achieve the companyââ¬â¢s goal. Hiring a master frame builder helps the company move from the current situation to achieving a shorter time in the companyââ¬â¢s design process. The change management Santa Cruz Bicycle implemented in its process and strategy is important if the organization is to achieve its potential. Santa Cruz bicycles are considered to be the near the top in the mountain biking industry. The changes implemented internally with the transition from a CAD process to a PLM approach has enabled the company to increase manufacturing efficiency while remaining innovative at the same time. With these improvements within the organization, Santa Cruz has been able to hold a reputation of building ââ¬Å"arguably the best all-around mountain bike ever madeâ⬠as asserted by Business 2. 0 (Tayman, J 2003,06).
Friday, March 20, 2020
Free Essays on Modern Art
Modern Art In the late 19th and early 20th century, the concepts (such as fauvism, expressionism, cubism, orphism futurism, etc.) are all classified under the category of modernism. Modernism includes all styles of painting, sculpture, and architecture that were done between 1880 and the beginning of World War II in 1939. (Stokstad 1023) This period of time in art history was filled with many new and different ideas, styles, and perceptions. Artists during the modernism period were all bound together by the fact that they were different from the standard. As modernism developed it, became more and more eclectic. This tendency gave artists the freedom to do what they want with art and not what was considered to be good art. The freedom of expression that began with modernism continued to be a part of the art world after World War II and is still a big part of artistic creation today. A good example of what modernism is about was an artwork, Fountain, by Marcel Duchamp. A member of the American society of independent artists, Duchamp admitted Fountain, which was a urinal that had been fixed onto a painted background, into society?s exhibition of independent artists. Duchamp signed the art with a false name, R. Mutt, and turned it into the exhibition, just to see what the other members of the society would say. As one would suspect, the society threw the piece out. Duchamp defended the piece by expressing his views on art. Ducamp stated that it didn?t matter what the art looked like. Instead, what was more important was why it was created in the first place (Stokstad 1022). As modernism took over the art world, so did this idea of artistic expression. Artists, such as Paul Cezanne, painted what they felt when they looked at an object, landscape, person, etc. as opposed to painting exactly what they saw. Inspiration for the created works of artists like G ustave Klimt and Odilon Redon were composed primarily from their mi... Free Essays on Modern Art Free Essays on Modern Art Modern Art In the late 19th and early 20th century, the concepts (such as fauvism, expressionism, cubism, orphism futurism, etc.) are all classified under the category of modernism. Modernism includes all styles of painting, sculpture, and architecture that were done between 1880 and the beginning of World War II in 1939. (Stokstad 1023) This period of time in art history was filled with many new and different ideas, styles, and perceptions. Artists during the modernism period were all bound together by the fact that they were different from the standard. As modernism developed it, became more and more eclectic. This tendency gave artists the freedom to do what they want with art and not what was considered to be good art. The freedom of expression that began with modernism continued to be a part of the art world after World War II and is still a big part of artistic creation today. A good example of what modernism is about was an artwork, Fountain, by Marcel Duchamp. A member of the American society of independent artists, Duchamp admitted Fountain, which was a urinal that had been fixed onto a painted background, into society?s exhibition of independent artists. Duchamp signed the art with a false name, R. Mutt, and turned it into the exhibition, just to see what the other members of the society would say. As one would suspect, the society threw the piece out. Duchamp defended the piece by expressing his views on art. Ducamp stated that it didn?t matter what the art looked like. Instead, what was more important was why it was created in the first place (Stokstad 1022). As modernism took over the art world, so did this idea of artistic expression. Artists, such as Paul Cezanne, painted what they felt when they looked at an object, landscape, person, etc. as opposed to painting exactly what they saw. Inspiration for the created works of artists like G ustave Klimt and Odilon Redon were composed primarily from their mi...
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
List of 8th Grade Math Concepts
List of 8th Grade Math Concepts At the eighth grade level, there are certain math concepts that your students shouldà attain by the end of the school year. A lot of the math concepts from eighth grade are similar to seventh grade. At the middle school level, it is usual for students to have a comprehensive review of all math skills.à Mastery of the concepts from the previous grade levelsà isà expected.à Numbers No real new numbers concepts are introduced, but students should be comfortable calculating factors, multiples, integer amounts, and square roots for numbers. At the end of eighth grade, a student should be able to apply these number concepts in problem-solving. Measurements Your students should be able to use measurement terms appropriately and should be able to measure a variety of items at home and at school. Students should be able to solve more complex problems with measurement estimations and problems using a variety of formulas. At this point, your students should be able to estimate and calculate areas for trapezoids, parallelograms, triangles, prisms, and circles using the correct formulas. Similarly, students should be able to estimate and calculate volumes for prismsà and should be able to sketch prisms based on volumes given. Geometry Students should be able to hypothesize, sketch, identify, sort, classify, construct, measure, and apply a variety of geometric shapes and figures and problems. Given dimensions, your students should be able to sketch and construct a variety of shapes. You students should be able to create and solve a variety of geometric problems. And, students should be able to analyze and identify shapes that have been rotated, reflected, translated, and describe those that are congruent. In addition, your students should be able to determine if shapes or figures will tile a plane (tessellate), and should be able to analyze tiling patterns. Algebra and Patterning In eighth grade, students will analyze and justify the explanations for patterns and their rules at a more complex level. Your students should be able to write algebraic equations and write statements to understand simple formulas. Students should be able to evaluate a variety of simple linear algebraic expressions at a beginning level by using one variable. Your students should confidently solve and simplify algebraic equations with four operations. And, they should feel comfortable substituting natural numbers for variables when solving algebraic equations. Probability Probability measures the likelihood that an event will occur. It used it in everyday decision making in science, medicine,à business, economics, sports,à and engineering. Your students should be able to design surveys, collect and organize more complex data, and identify and explain patterns and trends in data. Students should be able to construct a variety of graphs and label them appropriately and state the difference between selecting one graph over another. Students should be able to describe collected data in terms of mean, median,à andà the mode and be able to analyze any bias. The goal is for students to make more accurate predictions and understand the importance of statistics on decision making and in real-life scenarios. Students should be able to make inferences, predictions,à and evaluations based on interpretations of data collection results. Likewise, your students should be able to apply the rules of probability to games of chance and sports. Other Grade Levels Pre-K Kdg. Gr. 1 Gr. 2 Gr. 3 Gr. 4 Gr. 5 Gr. 6 Gr. 7 Gr. 8 Gr. 9 Gr. 10 Gr.11 Gr. 12
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Critical thinking - Essay Example This is because, all the three planets originated from tiny grains of dust, forming rocky pebbles. The fact that they developed from similar particles may point to the similarity of their mineral components, though their climate and atmosphere significantly defers. While beach sand, diamond, gold nuggets, water, fishbone, and emerald are minerals, wood and vitamin pills are not a mineral. The former are minerals because they are naturally formed chemical substances that have assumed atomic features. Wood is not a chemical substance but a composition of hard tissues, while vitamin pills not naturally formed. The approximated age of the rocks found in Delaware is 1.2 billion years (Thompson, 2008). This information is obtained through radioactive dating of rocks, as done by the Delaware Geological Survey. Paleocene, approximated to be 65.5 to 56 million years ago, had a cooler and remarkably dry climate. It is during this period that the continents continued their movement to their present positions. There were warm seas that surrounded the world and the modern plant species emerged. Animals started growing bigger during this period and they started occupying diverse niches. Dinosaurs got extinct, and mammals, birds, and reptiles flourished, whi le grass started to grow. Examples of rocks found during this period are the Mesozoic sedimentary
Monday, February 3, 2020
The Apex of Regional Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
The Apex of Regional Civilizations - Essay Example In this context, the war was not inevitable. The Chronicle of the Incans also present the views of the Incan economy and redistributive early civilization. Nevertheless, as illustrated by Cieza de Leonââ¬â¢s, the document is an historical narrative of the events of the Spanish conquest of Peru and the civil wars among the Spaniards. The parallelism coming forth from the Aztec and Incan (Americans) and the European (Spanish) civilization is that while one was convinced at unionizing their cultural identity, others were rocked into civil wars allowing the Europeans to conquer them. The similarities in the way Duran and de Cieza view indigenous American civilizations begin by the modes of their colonization by Spain. The civil war and lack of coordinated cultural views and hypocritical combination of Christianity and their prehispanic religions amount to some of the similarities in the two documents. In conclusion, the presence of the strong American Indian empires in the 16th century was disrupted by European civilizations and civil wars among them. This made it easy for the Europeans (such as Spain) to introduce religious wars as an excuse f conquering them. Duran and de Cieza gives an illustrative accounts of how the indigenous Americans, Aztecs and Incans, lost their
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